3.9. Map Tour with TinyDB

This lesson introduces the concept of persistent storage in apps by storing the destinations lists in the Map Tour app in a database called TinyDB, so that it is remembered from the last run of the app. It reinforces the enduring understanding that there are trade-offs in representing digital data, in this case, the differences between storing data in memory (variables) versus persistently (TinyDB).

CSP Framework
Big Idea 2: Data (DAT)
Enduring Understanding DAT-2: Programs can be used to process data, which allows users to discover information and create new knowledge.
Learning Objective DAT-2.D: Extract information from data using a program.
Skill 2.B DAT-2.D.1 DAT-2.D.2 Essential Knowledge DAT-2.D.1: Programs can be used to process data to acquire information. Essential Knowledge DAT-2.D.2: Tables, diagrams, text, and other visual tools can be used to communicate insight and knowledge gained from data.
Big Idea 3: Algorithms and Programming (AAP)
Enduring Understanding AAP-1: To find specific solutions to generalizable problems, programmers represent and organize data in multiple ways.
Learning Objective AAP-1.C: Represent a list or string using a variable.
Skill 3.A AAP-1.C.1 AAP-1.C.2 AAP-1.C.3 Essential Knowledge AAP-1.C.1: A list is an ordered sequence of elements. For example, [value1, value2, value3, …] describes a list where value1 is the first element, value 2 is the second element, value 3 is the third element, and so on. Essential Knowledge AAP-1.C.2: An element is an individual value in a list that is assigned a unique index. Essential Knowledge AAP-1.C.3: An index is a common method for referencing the elements in a list or string using natural numbers.
Learning Objective AAP-1.D.a: For data abstraction: a. Develop data abstraction using lists to store multiple elements. Learning Objective AAP-1.D.b: For data abstraction: b. Explain how the use of data abstraction manages complexity in program code.
Skill 3.B AAP-1.D.1 AAP-1.D.2 AAP-1.D.3 AAP-1.D.4 AAP-1.D.5 AAP-1.D.6 AAP-1.D.7 AAP-1.D.8 Essential Knowledge AAP-1.D.1: Data abstraction provides a separation between the abstract properties of a data type and the concrete details of its representation. Essential Knowledge AAP-1.D.2: Data abstractions manage complexity in programs by giving a collection of data a name without referencing the specific details of the representation. Essential Knowledge AAP-1.D.3: Data abstractions can be created using lists. Essential Knowledge AAP-1.D.4: Developing a data abstraction to implement in a program can result in a program that is easier to develop and maintain. Essential Knowledge AAP-1.D.5: Data abstractions often contain different types of elements. Essential Knowledge AAP-1.D.6: The use of lists allows multiple related items to be treated as a single value. Lists are referred to by different names, such as array, depending on the programming language. EXCLUSION STATEMENT(EK APP-1.D.6): The use of linked lists is outside the scope of this course and the AP Exam. Essential Knowledge AAP-1.D.7: The exam reference sheet provides the notation [value1, value2, value3…] to create a list with those values as the first, second, third, and so on items. For example, - aList ← [value1, value2, value3,...] creates a new list that contains the values value1, value2, value3, and … at indices 1, 2, 3, and … respectively and assigns it to aList. - aList ß [] creates a new empty list and assigns it to aList. - aList ß bList assigns a copy of the list bList to the list aList. For example, if bList contains [20, 40, 60], then aList will also contain [20, 40, 60] after the assignment. Essential Knowledge AAP-1.D.8: The exam reference sheet describes a list structure whose index values are 1 through the number of elements in the list, inclusive. For all list operations, if a list index is less than 1 or greater than the length of the list, an error message is produced and the program will terminate.

Professional Development

The Student Lesson: Complete the activities for Mobile CSP Unit 3 Lesson 3.9: Map Tour with TinyDB .

Materials

• Presentation system (LCD projector/Interactive whiteboard)
• Access to computer, laptop, or Chromebook (install the Companion app on Chromebooks)
• Access to mobile device with the Companion app installed or access to the emulator installed on the computer or laptop. 
• Map Tour with TinyDB Tutorial (video or handout)

3.9.1. Learning Activities

Estimated Length: 45 minutes

• Hook/Motivation (5 minutes): Ask students how does Amazon know your name when you go to amazon.com? How does it remember all your previous orders? Where is this information stored? See if they have heard of a database. Remind students of the use of variables and properties in the Map Tour app. Ask them what the value of the variable is each time the app is re-started or the properties of the UI components. Explanation: Each time the app is started, the variables and properties are set to their initial values the programmer set up in the app. Right now, it does not remember information from the last time the app was used. In this lesson, we will learn how to make data persist, or last, when an app is closed and restarted.
• Experiences and Exploration (30 minutes):
  • Presentation (5 minutes): Give students an overview of the TinyDb component using the video or slides.
  • Tutorial Walkthrough (15 minutes): Lead students through incorporating the TinyDb component into the MapTour app so that it will save the list of destinations for the next time the app is used. Make sure that they stop after adding a location and try restarting their app and they will notice that the saved location is gone. This is motivation for adding persistent database storage.
  • Extensions (15 minutes): Working in pairs, students should attempt the extensions. For advanced students who want to explore the special Any Component blocks, see the enrichment section below.
• Rethink, Reflect, and Revise (5 minutes): Review the concept of persistent data and the TinyDB component. How did it and the creative projects enhance the usability of the app by storing data? Students should complete the interactive exercises and portfolio reflection questions.

AP Classroom

The College Board's AP Classroom provides a question bank and Topic Questions. You may create a formative assessment quiz in AP Classroom, assign the quiz (a set of questions), and then review the results in class to identify and address any student misunderstandings.The following are suggested topic questions that you could assign once students have completed this lesson.

Suggested Topic Questions:

• Topic 3.2 Data Abstraction
  
• Topic 3.10 Lists
  

Assessment Opportunities and Solutions

Solutions Note: Solutions are only available to verified educators who have joined the Teaching Mobile CSP Google group/forum in Unit 1.

• Map Tour with Tiny DB without enhancements .aia file
• Map Tour with Tiny DB Enhancement Solutions
• Map Tour with Tiny DB Enhancements .aia file
• Quizly Solutions
• Portfolio Reflection Questions Solutions

Assessment Opportunities

You can examine students’ work on the interactive exercise and their reflection portfolio entries to assess their progress on the following learning objectives. If students are able to do what is listed there, they are ready to move on to the next lesson.

• Interactive Exercises:
• Portfolio Reflections:
  LO X.X.X - Students should be able to ...
• In the XXX App, look for:

Differentiation: More Practice

Have students review the mini-lessons on data persistence on AppInventor.org: How Do You? Store Data Persistently

Differentiation: Enrichment

• Optional extension (hard) - New Markers using Any Component blocks: When the user adds a destination to the map tour, your app could also add a marker at that location. This is a little challenging. Follow the algorithm below:
  • Add a new variable newMarker set to empty text string "".
  • In When Map.LongPressAtPoint, set the newMarker to Map.CreateMarker at the pressed latitude and longitude.
  • In Notifier.AfterTextInput, we can set the marker’s title to the user’s response. Since this is a new marker added in the code, we do not have a Marker in the UI to use for the set block. At the bottom of the blocks drawers on the left, there is a section called Any Components, where you can get or set a property of any components of a certain type instead of specific ones in your UI. Find the green Marker.Title of component block and the Marker.EnableInfoBox of Component block under Any Components at the bottom left of the screen. Put the get newMarker variable block into the ofComponent slots of these blocks. The title should be set to the user’s response and Enable InfoBox should be set to true (in the Logic drawer).
  Note that the new markers will not be regenerate when you re-start the app. It is possible to write code with a loop to do this from the list of destinationsLatLong, but it is too complex for Unit 3.
• Optional extension (Any Component Blocks):Add a TextToSpeech component to the UI. Use the when Map.FeatureClick event handler. When any feature is clicked on the map (this includes all markers), call TextToSpeech and speak the Marker.Title of that feature. Hint: to do this, you will need to use the Marker.Title of component block under Any Components at the bottom left of the screen.
• Students could also explore using the TinyDb component to store the last GPS location.

Background Knowledge: TinyDB

TinyDB only stores data on the device, which is cost efficient, but doesn't allow sharing of data between devices. Also, the size and the amount of data that can be stored will be limited with a TinyDB. This should lead into the topic of a TinyWebDB in an upcoming lesson, which allows for the sharing of data via the web.

AI2 Documentation on Tiny DB

3.9.2. Professional Development Reflection

Discuss the following questions with other teachers in your professional development program.

• How does this lesson address the learning objective of extracting information from data using a program?
  [LO DAT-2.D]

I am confident I can teach this lesson to my students.
• 1. Strongly Agree
• 2. Agree
• 3. Neutral
• 4. Disagree
• 5. Strongly Disagree