1.1. ActiveCode Examples in Python

One of the most important things that you can do when you are learning a programming language is to write programs. Unfortunately, typical textbooks allow you to read about programming, but don’t allow you to practice. We have created a unique tool called activecode that allows you to write, modify, and execute programs right in the text itself (right from the web browser). Although this is certainly not the way real programs are written, it provides an excellent environment for learning a programming language like Python since you can experiment with the language as you are reading.

Take a look at the activecode interpreter in action. If we take a simple Python program and make it active, you will see that it can be executed directly by pressing the run button. Try pressing the run button below.

print("My first program adds a list of numbers") myList = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10] total = 0 for num in myList: total = total + num print(total)

Now try modifying the activecode program shown above. First, modify the string in the first print statement by changing the word adds to the word multiplies. Now press run. You can see that the result of the program has changed. However, it still prints “30” as the answer. Modify the total calculation by changing the addition symbol, the “+”, to the multiplication symbol, “*”. Press run to see the new results (note that you should also fix the total initialization for a correct claculation). You can do this as many times as you like. You can even start completely over by simply deleting all the code from the window.

If you are a registered user and have logged in, any changes you make are automatically saved, and the history slider allows you to go back to any previous version of your program. Note that these saved programs can be accessed from anywhere if you have logged in. However, if you are working anonymously, then you will lose your work at the end of the session.

Click on the “Show Source” button below to see what the reStructuredText (rst) looks like for the activecode above. You can author ebook content in rst.

.. activecode:: codeexample1
   :coach:
   :prim_comp: ASSIGNMENT

   print("My first program adds a list of numbers")
   myList = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
   total = 0
   for num in myList:
       total = total + num
   print(total)

<listing xml:id="program-activecode-python">
   <caption>An interactive Python program, using <pubtitle>Runestone</pubtitle></caption>
   <program xml:id="python-hello-world" interactive='activecode' language="python">
      <input>
      print("My first program adds a list of numbers")
      myList = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
      total = 0
      for num in myList:
         total = total + num
      print(total)
      </input>
   </program>
</listing>

Activecode is even capable of executing graphical programs that use the built in Python turtle module. The program shown below is a very interesting graphics program that uses the turtle and the idea of recursion to construct a type of fractal called a Sierpinski Triangle. Once you run the program, try experimenting with the number of triangle levels. You can find this on line 39 (it is currently set to 3). Try 4! Try some other changes and see what happens (maybe change a few of the colors or make the level 2). If you ever want to go back to the original example, simply reload the page in the browser. One of the great things about activecode is that you can experiment as much as you want. This can be very helpful as you are learning to program.

import turtle def drawTriangle(points,color,myTurtle): myTurtle.fillcolor(color) myTurtle.up() myTurtle.goto(points[0][0],points[0][1]) myTurtle.down() myTurtle.begin_fill() myTurtle.goto(points[1][0],points[1][1]) myTurtle.goto(points[2][0],points[2][1]) myTurtle.goto(points[0][0],points[0][1]) myTurtle.end_fill() def getMid(p1,p2): return ( (p1[0]+p2[0]) / 2, (p1[1] + p2[1]) / 2) def sierpinski(points,degree,myTurtle): colormap = ['blue','red','green','white','yellow', 'violet','orange'] drawTriangle(points,colormap[degree],myTurtle) if degree > 0: sierpinski([points[0], getMid(points[0], points[1]), getMid(points[0], points[2])], degree-1, myTurtle) sierpinski([points[1], getMid(points[0], points[1]), getMid(points[1], points[2])], degree-1, myTurtle) sierpinski([points[2], getMid(points[2], points[1]), getMid(points[0], points[2])], degree-1, myTurtle) def main(): myTurtle = turtle.Turtle() myWin = turtle.Screen() myPoints = [[-100,-50],[0,100],[100,-50]] sierpinski(myPoints,3,myTurtle) myWin.exitonclick() main()

.. activecode:: codeexample2
   :nocodelens:
   :hidecode:
   :autorun:

   import turtle

   def drawTriangle(points,color,myTurtle):
       myTurtle.fillcolor(color)
       myTurtle.up()
       myTurtle.goto(points[0][0],points[0][1])
       myTurtle.down()
       myTurtle.begin_fill()
       myTurtle.goto(points[1][0],points[1][1])
       myTurtle.goto(points[2][0],points[2][1])
       myTurtle.goto(points[0][0],points[0][1])
       myTurtle.end_fill()

   def getMid(p1,p2):
       return ( (p1[0]+p2[0]) / 2, (p1[1] + p2[1]) / 2)

   def sierpinski(points,degree,myTurtle):
       colormap = ['blue','red','green','white','yellow',
                 'violet','orange']
       drawTriangle(points,colormap[degree],myTurtle)
       if degree > 0:
           sierpinski([points[0],
                           getMid(points[0], points[1]),
                           getMid(points[0], points[2])],
                      degree-1, myTurtle)
           sierpinski([points[1],
                           getMid(points[0], points[1]),
                           getMid(points[1], points[2])],
                      degree-1, myTurtle)
           sierpinski([points[2],
                           getMid(points[2], points[1]),
                           getMid(points[0], points[2])],
                      degree-1, myTurtle)

   def main():
      myTurtle = turtle.Turtle()
      myWin = turtle.Screen()
      myPoints = [[-100,-50],[0,100],[100,-50]]
      sierpinski(myPoints,3,myTurtle)
      myWin.exitonclick()

   main()

1.2. Event Driven Programming

This little program illustrates how to use events in python and turtle graphics. You can “drive” the turtle around the canvas using the arrow keys and by clicking the mouse. The turtle will leave a trail as it moves.

import turtle t = turtle.Turtle() s = turtle.Screen() t.goto(0,0) def f(): t.forward(10) def l(): t.left(45) def r(): t.right(45) s.onkey(f, "Up") s.onkey(l, "Left") s.onkey(r, "Right") s.onclick(t.goto) s.listen()

1.3. Image Processing

We have a special image library that we wrote for skulpt that lets you access images pixel by pixel. This is a great way to practice nested iteration and to learn about the many different filters provided by services like Instagram, and others.

Data file: golden_gate.png

Click on the reveal to see the rst for the datafile directive.

.. datafile:: golden_gate.png
   :image:
   :fromfile: golden_gate.png

You can use images in many ways. If you have an image in your page and it has an id tag you can use that. If you have a full URL to an image you can use that. But the best thing to do if you are writing a book is to use the .. datafile:: directive, this ensures that the image is available from anywhere in the book.

import image img = image.Image("golden_gate.png") win = image.ImageWin(img.getWidth(), img.getHeight()) img.draw(win) img.setDelay(1,15) # setDelay(1, 2000) will speed up a lot # img.setDelay(delay, number of pixels between delay) for row in range(img.getHeight()): for col in range(img.getWidth()): p = img.getPixel(col, row) newred = p.red * 1.4 newgreen = p.green * .75 newblue = p.blue * 1.1 newpixel = image.Pixel(newred, newgreen, newblue) img.setPixel(col, row, newpixel) img.draw(win) win.exitonclick()

Click on the reveal to show the source for the activecode above.

.. activecode::  act_ip_1
    :nocodelens:

    import image

    img = image.Image("golden_gate.png")
    win = image.ImageWin(img.getWidth(), img.getHeight())
    img.draw(win)
    img.setDelay(1,15)   # setDelay(1, 2000) will speed up a lot                      # img.setDelay(delay, number of pixels between delay)

    for row in range(img.getHeight()):
        for col in range(img.getWidth()):
            p = img.getPixel(col, row)

            newred = p.red * 1.4
            newgreen =  p.green * .75
            newblue =  p.blue * 1.1

            newpixel = image.Pixel(newred, newgreen, newblue)

            img.setPixel(col, row, newpixel)

    img.draw(win)
    win.exitonclick()

1.4. Graphs and Charts

Using a simple Altair-like wrapper around the vega library, we can draw some nice charts and graphs. We only implement a subset of altair but you can do most of the basic plots. bar, scatter, line, point, heatmaps are all possible. If you see something from the Altair Gallery that does not work let us know, or have a look at the code On github and make PR 😀!

A key difference between our baby Altair and the real Altair is that we do not use DataFrames. We use a simple Data object. You can create a data object with a bunch of named parameters and lists of values as shown below. Or from a dictionary or even from a JSON object.

import altair data = altair.Data(customer=['Alice', 'Bob', 'Claire'], cakes=[5,9,7], flavor=['chocolate', 'vanilla', 'strawberry']) print(data) chart = altair.Chart(data) mark = chart.mark_bar() enc = mark.encode(x='customer:N',y='cakes',color='flavor:N') enc.display()

.. activecode:: alt_kiva_bar1
    :nocodelens:

    import altair

    data = altair.Data(customer=['Alice', 'Bob', 'Claire'], cakes=[5,9,7], flavor=['chocolate', 'vanilla', 'strawberry'])
    print(data)
    chart = altair.Chart(data)
    mark = chart.mark_bar()
    enc = mark.encode(x='customer:N',y='cakes',color='flavor:N')
    enc.display()

1.5. Unit Tests for Python Code

Its nice to be able to have students solve a particular problem by writing some code, its even better if you can give them some feedback and provide some tests for them. Much of the unittest module from Python is available in the unittest module for activecode. Take a look:

def add(a,b): return 4 from unittest.gui import TestCaseGui class myTests(TestCaseGui): def testOne(self): self.assertEqual(add(2,2),4,"A feedback string when the test fails") self.assertAlmostEqual(add(2.0,3.0), 5.0, 1, "Try adding your parmeters") myTests().main()

Click the Show Source button to see the source code for the above example.

.. activecode:: units1
  :nocodelens:

  def add(a,b):
     return 4

  from unittest.gui import TestCaseGui

  class myTests(TestCaseGui):

      def testOne(self):
          self.assertEqual(add(2,2),4,"A feedback string when the test fails")
          self.assertAlmostEqual(add(2.0,3.0), 5.0, 1, "Try adding your parmeters")

  myTests().main()

Before you go on, fix the add function in the activecode box. The full complement of assertXXX functions is available. You can see the list Here. Now, for an introductory course exposing the inner workings of the unittest class may lead to more confusion that anything.

1.6. Hidden Unit Tests with Graphical Status

You can get the benefit of the unittest module with activecode by placing it in the hidden code at the end. You can hide the code by placing it after a line that contains ====.

Fix the following code so that it always correctly adds two numbers.

def add(a,b): return 4 ==== from unittest.gui import TestCaseGui class myTests(TestCaseGui): def testOne(self): self.assertEqual(add(2,2),4,"A feedback string when the test fails") self.assertAlmostEqual(add(2.0,3.0), 5.0, 5, "Try adding your parameters") myTests().main()

.. activecode:: units2
   :nocodelens:

   Fix the following code so that it always correctly adds two numbers.
   ~~~~
   def add(a,b):
      return 4

   ====
   from unittest.gui import TestCaseGui

   class myTests(TestCaseGui):

       def testOne(self):
           self.assertEqual(add(2,2),4,"A feedback string when the test fails")
           self.assertAlmostEqual(add(2.0,3.0), 5.0, 5, "Try adding your parameters")

   myTests().main()

1.7. DOM Access

Python programs written in activecode windows can now import the document module. This document module allows access to basic elements of the web page, including the new text entry box called text1 like this one. Try running the program, then change the value in the text entry box and run it again.

import document t = document.getElementById('text1') print('value = ', t.value)

.. activecode:: tftest1
   :nocodelens:

   import document

   t = document.getElementById('text1')
   print('value = ', t.value)

1.8. Server Side Python

If the JOBE server has pandas installed we can even use pandas right in the text and have it process data from a file. Just use the option :language: python3.

Here is the file it will read from.

Data file: country_data.csv

Country,Ctry,Code,CodeNum,Region,Population,Area,Pop. Density,Coastline,Net migration,Infant mortality,GDP,Literacy,Phones,Arable,Crops,Other,Climate,Birthrate,Deathrate,Agriculture,Industry,Service
Afghanistan,Afghanistan,AFG,4,ASIA (EX. NEAR EAST)         ,31056997,647500,48.0,0.00,23.06,163.07,700,36.0,3.2,12.13,0.22,87.65,1,46.6,20.34,0.38,0.24,0.38
Albania ,Albania,ALB,8,EASTERN EUROPE                     ,3581655,28748,124.6,1.26,-4.93,21.52,4500,86.5,71.2,21.09,4.42,74.49,3,15.11,5.22,0.232,0.188,0.579
Algeria ,Algeria,DZA,12,NORTHERN AFRICA                    ,32930091,2381740,13.8,0.04,-0.39,31,6000,70.0,78.1,3.22,0.25,96.53,1,17.14,4.61,0.101,0.6,0.298
American Samoa ,American Samoa,ASM,16,OCEANIA                            ,57794,199,290.4,58.29,-20.71,9.27,8000,97.0,259.5,10,15,75,2,22.46,3.27,,,
Andorra ,Andorra,AND,20,WESTERN EUROPE                     ,71201,468,152.1,0.00,6.6,4.05,19000,100.0,497.2,2.22,0,97.78,3,8.71,6.25,,,
Angola ,Angola,AGO,24,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,12127071,1246700,9.7,0.13,0,191.19,1900,42.0,7.8,2.41,0.24,97.35,,45.11,24.2,0.096,0.658,0.246
Anguilla ,Anguilla,AIA,660,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,13477,102,132.1,59.80,10.76,21.03,8600,95.0,460.0,0,0,100,2,14.17,5.34,0.04,0.18,0.78
Antigua & Barbuda ,Antigua & Barbuda,ATG,28,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,69108,443,156.0,34.54,-6.15,19.46,11000,89.0,549.9,18.18,4.55,77.27,2,16.93,5.37,0.038,0.22,0.743
Argentina ,Argentina,ARG,32,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,39921833,2766890,14.4,0.18,0.61,15.18,11200,97.1,220.4,12.31,0.48,87.21,3,16.73,7.55,0.095,0.358,0.547
Armenia ,Armenia,ARM,51,C.W. OF IND. STATES ,2976372,29800,99.9,0.00,-6.47,23.28,3500,98.6,195.7,17.55,2.3,80.15,4,12.07,8.23,0.239,0.343,0.418
Aruba ,Aruba,ABW,533,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,71891,193,372.5,35.49,0,5.89,28000,97.0,516.1,10.53,0,89.47,2,11.03,6.68,0.004,0.333,0.663
Australia ,Australia,AUS,36,OCEANIA                            ,20264082,7686850,2.6,0.34,3.98,4.69,29000,100.0,565.5,6.55,0.04,93.41,1,12.14,7.51,0.038,0.262,0.7
Austria ,Austria,AUT,40,WESTERN EUROPE                     ,8192880,83870,97.7,0.00,2,4.66,30000,98.0,452.2,16.91,0.86,82.23,3,8.74,9.76,0.018,0.304,0.678
Azerbaijan ,Azerbaijan,AZE,31,C.W. OF IND. STATES ,7961619,86600,91.9,0.00,-4.9,81.74,3400,97.0,137.1,19.63,2.71,77.66,1,20.74,9.75,0.141,0.457,0.402
Bahamas ,Bahamas,BHS,44,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,303770,13940,21.8,25.41,-2.2,25.21,16700,95.6,460.6,0.8,0.4,98.8,2,17.57,9.05,0.03,0.07,0.9
Bahrain ,Bahrain,BHR,48,NEAR EAST                          ,698585,665,1050.5,24.21,1.05,17.27,16900,89.1,281.3,2.82,5.63,91.55,1,17.8,4.14,0.005,0.387,0.608
Bangladesh ,Bangladesh,BGD,50,ASIA (EX. NEAR EAST)         ,147365352,144000,1023.4,0.40,-0.71,62.6,1900,43.1,7.3,62.11,3.07,34.82,2,29.8,8.27,0.199,0.198,0.603
Barbados ,Barbados,BRB,52,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,279912,431,649.5,22.51,-0.31,12.5,15700,97.4,481.9,37.21,2.33,60.46,2,12.71,8.67,0.06,0.16,0.78
Belarus ,Belarus,BLR,112,C.W. OF IND. STATES ,10293011,207600,49.6,0.00,2.54,13.37,6100,99.6,319.1,29.55,0.6,69.85,4,11.16,14.02,0.093,0.316,0.591
Belgium ,Belgium,BEL,56,WESTERN EUROPE                     ,10379067,30528,340.0,0.22,1.23,4.68,29100,98.0,462.6,23.28,0.4,76.32,3,10.38,10.27,0.01,0.24,0.749
Belize ,Belize,BLZ,84,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,287730,22966,12.5,1.68,0,25.69,4900,94.1,115.7,2.85,1.71,95.44,2,28.84,5.72,0.142,0.152,0.612
Benin ,Benin,BEN,204,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,7862944,112620,69.8,0.11,0,85,1100,40.9,9.7,18.08,2.4,79.52,2,38.85,12.22,0.316,0.138,0.546
Bermuda ,Bermuda,BMU,60,NORTHERN AMERICA                   ,65773,53,1241.0,194.34,2.49,8.53,36000,98.0,851.4,20,0,80,2,11.4,7.74,0.01,0.1,0.89
Bhutan ,Bhutan,BTN,64,ASIA (EX. NEAR EAST)         ,2279723,47000,48.5,0.00,0,100.44,1300,42.2,14.3,3.09,0.43,96.48,2,33.65,12.7,0.258,0.379,0.363
Bolivia ,Bolivia,BOL,68,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,8989046,1098580,8.2,0.00,-1.32,53.11,2400,87.2,71.9,2.67,0.19,97.14,1.5,23.3,7.53,0.128,0.352,0.52
Bosnia & Herzegovina ,Bosnia & Herzegovina,BIH,70,EASTERN EUROPE                     ,4498976,51129,88.0,0.04,0.31,21.05,6100,,215.4,13.6,2.96,83.44,4,8.77,8.27,0.142,0.308,0.55
Botswana ,Botswana,BWA,72,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,1639833,600370,2.7,0.00,0,54.58,9000,79.8,80.5,0.65,0.01,99.34,1,23.08,29.5,0.024,0.469,0.507
Brazil ,Brazil,BRA,76,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,188078227,8511965,22.1,0.09,-0.03,29.61,7600,86.4,225.3,6.96,0.9,92.15,2,16.56,6.17,0.084,0.4,0.516
British Virgin Is. ,British Virgin Is.,VGB,92,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,23098,153,151.0,52.29,10.01,18.05,16000,97.8,506.5,20,6.67,73.33,2,14.89,4.42,0.018,0.062,0.92
Brunei Darussalam ,Brunei Darussalam,BRN,96,ASIA (EX. NEAR EAST)         ,379444,5770,65.8,2.79,3.59,12.61,18600,93.9,237.2,0.57,0.76,98.67,2,18.79,3.45,0.036,0.561,0.403
Bulgaria ,Bulgaria,BGR,100,EASTERN EUROPE                     ,7385367,110910,66.6,0.32,-4.58,20.55,7600,98.6,336.3,40.02,1.92,58.06,3,9.65,14.27,0.093,0.304,0.603
Burkina Faso ,Burkina Faso,BFA,854,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,13902972,274200,50.7,0.00,0,97.57,1100,26.6,7.0,14.43,0.19,85.38,2,45.62,15.6,0.322,0.196,0.482
Myanmar ,Myanmar,MMR,104,ASIA (EX. NEAR EAST)         ,47382633,678500,69.8,0.28,-1.8,67.24,1800,85.3,10.1,15.19,0.97,83.84,2,17.91,9.83,0.564,0.082,0.353
Burundi ,Burundi,BDI,108,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,8090068,27830,290.7,0.00,-0.06,69.29,600,51.6,3.4,35.05,14.02,50.93,2,42.22,13.46,0.463,0.203,0.334
Cambodia ,Cambodia,KHM,116,ASIA (EX. NEAR EAST)         ,13881427,181040,76.7,0.24,0,71.48,1900,69.4,2.6,20.96,0.61,78.43,2,26.9,9.06,0.35,0.3,0.35
Cameroon ,Cameroon,CMR,120,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,17340702,475440,36.5,0.08,0,68.26,1800,79.0,5.7,12.81,2.58,84.61,1.5,33.89,13.47,0.448,0.17,0.382
Canada ,Canada,CAN,124,NORTHERN AMERICA                   ,33098932,9984670,3.3,2.02,5.96,4.75,29800,97.0,552.2,4.96,0.02,95.02,,10.78,7.8,0.022,0.294,0.684
Cape Verde ,Cape Verde,CPV,132,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,420979,4033,104.4,23.93,-12.07,47.77,1400,76.6,169.6,9.68,0.5,89.82,3,24.87,6.55,0.121,0.219,0.66
Cayman Islands ,Cayman Islands,CYM,136,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,45436,262,173.4,61.07,18.75,8.19,35000,98.0,836.3,3.85,0,96.15,2,12.74,4.89,0.014,0.032,0.954
Central African Republic ,Central African Republic,CAF,140,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,4303356,622984,6.9,0.00,0,91,1100,51.0,2.3,3.1,0.14,96.76,2,33.91,18.65,0.55,0.2,0.25
Chad ,Chad,TCD,148,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,9944201,1284000,7.7,0.00,-0.11,93.82,1200,47.5,1.3,2.86,0.02,97.12,2,45.73,16.38,0.335,0.259,0.406
Chile ,Chile,CHL,152,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,16134219,756950,21.3,0.85,0,8.8,9900,96.2,213.0,2.65,0.42,96.93,3,15.23,5.81,0.06,0.493,0.447
China ,China,CHN,156,ASIA (EX. NEAR EAST)         ,1313973713,9596960,136.9,0.15,-0.4,24.18,5000,90.9,266.7,15.4,1.25,83.35,1.5,13.25,6.97,0.125,0.473,0.403
Colombia ,Colombia,COL,170,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,43593035,1138910,38.3,0.28,-0.31,20.97,6300,92.5,176.2,2.42,1.67,95.91,2,20.48,5.58,0.125,0.342,0.533
Comoros ,Comoros,COM,174,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,690948,2170,318.4,15.67,0,74.93,700,56.5,24.5,35.87,23.32,40.81,2,36.93,8.2,0.4,0.04,0.56
"Congo, Dem. Rep. ","Congo, Dem. Rep.",COD,180,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,62660551,2345410,26.7,0.00,0,94.69,700,65.5,0.2,2.96,0.52,96.52,2,43.69,13.27,0.55,0.11,0.34
Congo,Congo,COG,178,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,3702314,342000,10.8,0.05,-0.17,93.86,700,83.8,3.7,0.51,0.13,99.36,2,42.57,12.93,0.062,0.57,0.369
Cook Islands ,Cook Islands,COK,184,OCEANIA                            ,21388,240,89.1,50.00,,,5000,95.0,289.9,17.39,13.04,69.57,2,21,,0.151,0.096,0.753
Costa Rica ,Costa Rica,CRI,188,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,4075261,51100,79.8,2.52,0.51,9.95,9100,96.0,340.7,4.41,5.88,89.71,2,18.32,4.36,0.088,0.299,0.614
Côte d'Ivoire ,Côte d'Ivoire,CIV,384,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,17654843,322460,54.8,0.16,-0.07,90.83,1400,50.9,14.6,9.75,13.84,76.41,2,35.11,14.84,0.279,0.171,0.55
Croatia ,Croatia,HRV,191,EASTERN EUROPE                     ,4494749,56542,79.5,10.32,1.58,6.84,10600,98.5,420.4,26.09,2.27,71.65,,9.61,11.48,0.07,0.308,0.622
Cuba ,Cuba,CUB,192,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,11382820,110860,102.7,3.37,-1.58,6.33,2900,97.0,74.7,33.05,7.6,59.35,2,11.89,7.22,0.055,0.261,0.684
Cyprus ,Cyprus,CYP,196,NEAR EAST                          ,784301,9250,84.8,7.01,0.43,7.18,19200,97.6,,7.79,4.44,87.77,3,12.56,7.68,0.037,0.198,0.765
Czech Republic ,Czech Republic,CZE,203,EASTERN EUROPE                     ,10235455,78866,129.8,0.00,0.97,3.93,15700,99.9,314.3,39.8,3.05,57.15,3,9.02,10.59,0.034,0.393,0.573
Denmark ,Denmark,DNK,208,WESTERN EUROPE                     ,5450661,43094,126.5,16.97,2.48,4.56,31100,100.0,614.6,54.02,0.19,45.79,3,11.13,10.36,0.018,0.246,0.735
Djibouti ,Djibouti,DJI,262,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,486530,23000,21.2,1.37,0,104.13,1300,67.9,22.8,0.04,0,99.96,1,39.53,19.31,0.179,0.225,0.596
Dominica ,Dominica,DMA,212,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,68910,754,91.4,19.63,-13.87,14.15,5400,94.0,304.8,6.67,20,73.33,2,15.27,6.73,0.177,0.328,0.495
Dominican Republic ,Dominican Republic,DOM,214,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,9183984,48730,188.5,2.64,-3.22,32.38,6000,84.7,97.4,22.65,10.33,67.02,2,23.22,5.73,0.112,0.306,0.582
Timor-Leste,Timor-Leste,TLS,626,ASIA (EX. NEAR EAST)         ,1062777,15007,70.8,4.70,0,47.41,500,58.6,,4.71,0.67,94.62,2,26.99,6.24,0.085,0.231,0.684
Ecuador ,Ecuador,ECU,218,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,13547510,283560,47.8,0.79,-8.58,23.66,3300,92.5,125.6,5.85,4.93,89.22,2,22.29,4.23,0.07,0.312,0.618
Egypt ,Egypt,EGY,818,NORTHERN AFRICA                    ,78887007,1001450,78.8,0.24,-0.22,32.59,4000,57.7,131.8,2.87,0.48,96.65,1,22.94,5.23,0.149,0.357,0.493
El Salvador ,El Salvador,SLV,222,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,6822378,21040,324.3,1.46,-3.74,25.1,4800,80.2,142.4,31.85,12.07,56.08,2,26.61,5.78,0.099,0.302,0.599
Equatorial Guinea ,Equatorial Guinea,GNQ,226,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,540109,28051,19.3,1.06,0,85.13,2700,85.7,18.5,4.63,3.57,91.8,2,35.59,15.06,0.03,0.906,0.062
Eritrea ,Eritrea,ERI,232,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,4786994,121320,39.5,1.84,0,74.87,700,58.6,7.9,4.95,0.03,95.02,1.5,34.33,9.6,0.102,0.254,0.643
Estonia ,Estonia,EST,233,BALTICS                            ,1324333,45226,29.3,8.39,-3.16,7.87,12300,99.8,333.8,16.04,0.45,83.51,3,10.04,13.25,0.04,0.294,0.666
Ethiopia ,Ethiopia,ETH,231,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,74777981,1127127,66.3,0.00,0,95.32,700,42.7,8.2,10.71,0.75,88.54,2,37.98,14.86,0.475,0.099,0.426
Faroe Islands ,Faroe Islands,FRO,234,WESTERN EUROPE                     ,47246,1399,33.8,79.84,1.41,6.24,22000,,503.8,2.14,0,97.86,,14.05,8.7,0.27,0.11,0.62
Fiji ,Fiji,FJI,242,OCEANIA                            ,905949,18270,49.6,6.18,-3.14,12.62,5800,93.7,112.6,10.95,4.65,84.4,2,22.55,5.65,0.089,0.135,0.776
Finland ,Finland,FIN,246,WESTERN EUROPE                     ,5231372,338145,15.5,0.37,0.95,3.57,27400,100.0,405.3,7.19,0.03,92.78,3,10.45,9.86,0.028,0.295,0.676
France ,France,FRA,250,WESTERN EUROPE                     ,60876136,547030,111.3,0.63,0.66,4.26,27600,99.0,586.4,33.53,2.07,64.4,4,11.99,9.14,0.022,0.214,0.764
French Guiana ,French Guiana,GUF,254,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,199509,91000,2.2,0.42,6.27,12.07,8300,83.0,255.6,0.14,0.05,99.81,2,20.46,4.88,0.066,0.156,0.778
French Polynesia ,French Polynesia,PYF,258,OCEANIA                            ,274578,4167,65.9,60.60,2.94,8.44,17500,98.0,194.5,0.82,5.46,93.72,2,16.68,4.69,0.031,0.19,0.769
Gabon ,Gabon,GAB,266,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,1424906,267667,5.3,0.33,0,53.64,5500,63.2,27.4,1.26,0.66,98.08,2,36.16,12.25,0.061,0.592,0.348
Gambia ,Gambia,GMB,270,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,1641564,11300,145.3,0.71,1.57,72.02,1700,40.1,26.8,25,0.5,74.5,2,39.37,12.25,0.308,0.142,0.549
Georgia ,Georgia,GEO,268,C.W. OF IND. STATES ,4661473,69700,66.9,0.44,-4.7,18.59,2500,99.0,146.6,11.44,3.86,84.7,3,10.41,9.23,0.172,0.275,0.553
Germany ,Germany,DEU,276,WESTERN EUROPE                     ,82422299,357021,230.9,0.67,2.18,4.16,27600,99.0,667.9,33.85,0.59,65.56,3,8.25,10.62,0.009,0.296,0.695
Ghana ,Ghana,GHA,288,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,22409572,239460,93.6,0.23,-0.64,51.43,2200,74.8,14.4,16.26,9.67,74.07,2,30.52,9.72,0.366,0.246,0.387
Gibraltar ,Gibraltar,GIB,292,WESTERN EUROPE                     ,27928,7,3989.7,171.43,0,5.13,17500,,877.7,0,0,100,,10.74,9.31,,,
Greece ,Greece,GRC,300,WESTERN EUROPE                     ,10688058,131940,81.0,10.37,2.35,5.53,20000,97.5,589.7,21.1,8.78,70.12,3,9.68,10.24,0.054,0.213,0.733
Greenland ,Greenland,GRL,304,NORTHERN AMERICA                   ,56361,2166086,0.0,2.04,-8.37,15.82,20000,,448.9,0,0,100,1,15.93,7.84,,,
Grenada ,Grenada,GRD,308,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,89703,344,260.8,35.17,-13.92,14.62,5000,98.0,364.5,5.88,29.41,64.71,2,22.08,6.88,0.054,0.18,0.766
Guadeloupe ,Guadeloupe,GLP,312,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,452776,1780,254.4,17.19,-0.15,8.6,8000,90.0,463.8,11.24,3.55,85.21,2,15.05,6.09,0.15,0.17,0.68
Guam ,Guam,GUM,316,OCEANIA                            ,171019,541,316.1,23.20,0,6.94,21000,99.0,492.0,9.09,16.36,74.55,2,18.79,4.48,,,
Guatemala ,Guatemala,GTM,320,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,12293545,108890,112.9,0.37,-1.67,35.93,4100,70.6,92.1,12.54,5.03,82.43,2,29.88,5.2,0.227,0.188,0.585
Guernsey ,Guernsey,GGY,831,WESTERN EUROPE                     ,65409,78,838.6,64.10,3.84,4.71,20000,,842.4,,,,3,8.81,10.01,0.03,0.1,0.87
Guinea ,Guinea,GIN,324,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,9690222,245857,39.4,0.13,-3.06,90.37,2100,35.9,2.7,3.63,2.58,93.79,2,41.76,15.48,0.237,0.362,0.401
Guinea-Bissau ,Guinea-Bissau,GNB,624,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,1442029,36120,39.9,0.97,-1.57,107.17,800,42.4,7.4,10.67,8.82,80.51,2,37.22,16.53,0.62,0.12,0.26
Guyana ,Guyana,GUY,328,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,767245,214970,3.6,0.21,-2.07,33.26,4000,98.8,143.5,2.44,0.15,97.41,2,18.28,8.28,0.37,0.203,0.427
Haiti ,Haiti,HTI,332,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,8308504,27750,299.4,6.38,-3.4,73.45,1600,52.9,16.9,28.3,11.61,60.09,2,36.44,12.17,0.28,0.2,0.52
Honduras ,Honduras,HND,340,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,7326496,112090,65.4,0.73,-1.99,29.32,2600,76.2,67.5,9.55,3.22,87.23,2,28.24,5.28,0.139,0.312,0.549
Hong Kong ,Hong Kong,HKG,344,ASIA (EX. NEAR EAST)         ,6940432,1092,6355.7,67.12,5.24,2.97,28800,93.5,546.7,5.05,1.01,93.94,2,7.29,6.29,0.001,0.092,0.906
Hungary ,Hungary,HUN,348,EASTERN EUROPE                     ,9981334,93030,107.3,0.00,0.86,8.57,13900,99.4,336.2,50.09,2.06,47.85,3,9.72,13.11,0.037,0.312,0.651
Iceland ,Iceland,ISL,352,WESTERN EUROPE                     ,299388,103000,2.9,4.83,2.38,3.31,30900,99.9,647.7,0.07,0,99.93,3,13.64,6.72,0.086,0.15,0.765
India ,India,IND,356,ASIA (EX. NEAR EAST)         ,1095351995,3287590,333.2,0.21,-0.07,56.29,2900,59.5,45.4,54.4,2.74,42.86,2.5,22.01,8.18,0.186,0.276,0.538
Indonesia ,Indonesia,IDN,360,ASIA (EX. NEAR EAST)         ,245452739,1919440,127.9,2.85,0,35.6,3200,87.9,52.0,11.32,7.23,81.45,2,20.34,6.25,0.134,0.458,0.408
Iran ,Iran,IRN,364,ASIA (EX. NEAR EAST)         ,68688433,1648000,41.7,0.15,-0.84,41.58,7000,79.4,276.4,8.72,1.39,89.89,1,17,5.55,0.116,0.424,0.46
Iraq ,Iraq,IRQ,368,NEAR EAST                          ,26783383,437072,61.3,0.01,0,50.25,1500,40.4,38.6,13.15,0.78,86.07,1,31.98,5.37,0.073,0.666,0.261
Ireland ,Ireland,IRL,372,WESTERN EUROPE                     ,4062235,70280,57.8,2.06,4.99,5.39,29600,98.0,500.5,15.2,0.03,84.77,3,14.45,7.82,0.05,0.46,0.49
Isle of Man ,Isle of Man,IMN,833,WESTERN EUROPE                     ,75441,572,131.9,27.97,5.36,5.93,21000,,676.0,9,0,91,3,11.05,11.19,0.01,0.13,0.86
Israel ,Israel,ISR,376,NEAR EAST                          ,6352117,20770,305.8,1.31,0.68,7.03,19800,95.4,462.3,16.39,4.17,79.44,3,17.97,6.18,0.026,0.317,0.657
Italy ,Italy,ITA,380,WESTERN EUROPE                     ,58133509,301230,193.0,2.52,2.07,5.94,26700,98.6,430.9,27.79,9.53,62.68,,8.72,10.4,0.021,0.291,0.688
Jamaica ,Jamaica,JAM,388,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,2758124,10991,250.9,9.30,-4.92,12.36,3900,87.9,124.0,16.07,10.16,73.77,2,20.82,6.52,0.049,0.337,0.615
Japan ,Japan,JPN,392,ASIA (EX. NEAR EAST)         ,127463611,377835,337.4,7.87,0,3.26,28200,99.0,461.2,12.19,0.96,86.85,3,9.37,9.16,0.017,0.258,0.725
Jersey ,Jersey,JEY,832,WESTERN EUROPE                     ,91084,116,785.2,60.34,2.76,5.24,24800,,811.3,0,0,100,3,9.3,9.28,0.05,0.02,0.93
Jordan ,Jordan,JOR,400,NEAR EAST                          ,5906760,92300,64.0,0.03,6.59,17.35,4300,91.3,104.5,2.67,1.83,95.5,1,21.25,2.65,0.033,0.287,0.68
Kazakhstan ,Kazakhstan,KAZ,398,C.W. OF IND. STATES ,15233244,2717300,5.6,0.00,-3.35,29.21,6300,98.4,164.1,7.98,0.05,91.97,4,16,9.42,0.067,0.386,0.547
Kenya ,Kenya,KEN,404,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,34707817,582650,59.6,0.09,-0.1,61.47,1000,85.1,8.1,8.08,0.98,90.94,1.5,39.72,14.02,0.163,0.188,0.651
Kiribati ,Kiribati,KIR,296,OCEANIA                            ,105432,811,130.0,140.94,0,48.52,800,,42.7,2.74,50.68,46.58,2,30.65,8.26,0.089,0.242,0.668
"Korea, North ","Korea, North",PRK,408,ASIA (EX. NEAR EAST)         ,23113019,120540,191.8,2.07,0,24.04,1300,99.0,42.4,20.76,2.49,76.75,3,15.54,7.13,0.3,0.34,0.36
"Korea, South ","Korea, South",KOR,410,ASIA (EX. NEAR EAST)         ,48846823,98480,496.0,2.45,0,7.05,17800,97.9,486.1,17.18,1.95,80.87,3,10,5.85,0.033,0.403,0.563
Kuwait ,Kuwait,KWT,414,NEAR EAST                          ,2418393,17820,135.7,2.80,14.18,9.95,19000,83.5,211.0,0.73,0.11,99.16,1,21.94,2.41,0.004,0.479,0.516
Kyrgyzstan ,Kyrgyzstan,KGZ,417,C.W. OF IND. STATES ,5213898,198500,26.3,0.00,-2.45,35.64,1600,97.0,84.0,7.3,0.35,92.35,2.5,22.8,7.08,0.353,0.208,0.439
Laos ,Laos,LAO,418,ASIA (EX. NEAR EAST)         ,6368481,236800,26.9,0.00,0,85.22,1700,66.4,14.1,3.8,0.35,95.85,2,35.49,11.55,0.455,0.287,0.258
Latvia ,Latvia,LVA,428,BALTICS                            ,2274735,64589,35.2,0.82,-2.23,9.55,10200,99.8,321.4,29.67,0.47,69.86,3,9.24,13.66,0.04,0.261,0.699
Lebanon ,Lebanon,LBN,422,NEAR EAST                          ,3874050,10400,372.5,2.16,0,24.52,4800,87.4,255.6,16.62,13.98,69.4,,18.52,6.21,0.12,0.21,0.67
Lesotho ,Lesotho,LSO,426,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,2022331,30355,66.6,0.00,-0.74,84.23,3000,84.8,23.7,10.87,0.13,89,3,24.75,28.71,0.163,0.443,0.394
Liberia ,Liberia,LBR,430,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,3042004,111370,27.3,0.52,0,128.87,1000,57.5,2.3,3.95,2.28,93.77,2,44.77,23.1,0.769,0.054,0.177
Libya ,Libya,LBY,434,NORTHERN AFRICA                    ,5900754,1759540,3.4,0.10,0,24.6,6400,82.6,127.1,1.03,0.19,98.78,,26.49,3.48,0.076,0.499,0.425
Liechtenstein ,Liechtenstein,LIE,438,WESTERN EUROPE                     ,33987,160,212.4,0.00,4.85,4.7,25000,100.0,585.5,25,0,75,4,10.21,7.18,0.06,0.39,0.55
Lithuania ,Lithuania,LTU,440,BALTICS                            ,3585906,65200,55.0,0.14,-0.71,6.89,11400,99.6,223.4,45.22,0.91,53.87,,8.75,10.98,0.055,0.325,0.62
Luxembourg ,Luxembourg,LUX,442,WESTERN EUROPE                     ,474413,2586,183.5,0.00,8.97,4.81,55100,100.0,515.4,23.28,0.4,76.32,,11.94,8.41,0.01,0.13,0.86
Macao ,Macao,MAC,446,ASIA (EX. NEAR EAST)         ,453125,28,16183.0,146.43,4.86,4.39,19400,94.5,384.9,0,0,100,2,8.48,4.47,0.001,0.072,0.927
Macedonia ,Macedonia,MKD,807,EASTERN EUROPE                     ,2050554,25333,80.9,0.00,-1.45,10.09,6700,,260.0,22.26,1.81,75.93,3,12.02,8.77,0.118,0.319,0.563
Madagascar ,Madagascar,MDG,450,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,18595469,587040,31.7,0.82,0,76.83,800,68.9,3.6,5.07,1.03,93.91,2,41.41,11.11,0.276,0.165,0.559
Malawi ,Malawi,MWI,454,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,13013926,118480,109.8,0.00,0,103.32,600,62.7,7.9,23.38,1.49,75.13,2,43.13,19.33,0.342,0.158,0.499
Malaysia ,Malaysia,MYS,458,ASIA (EX. NEAR EAST)         ,24385858,329750,74.0,1.42,0,17.7,9000,88.7,179.0,5.48,17.61,76.91,2,22.86,5.05,0.084,0.48,0.436
Maldives ,Maldives,MDV,462,ASIA (EX. NEAR EAST)         ,359008,300,1196.7,214.67,0,56.52,3900,97.2,90.0,13.33,16.67,70,2,34.81,7.06,0.2,0.18,0.62
Mali ,Mali,MLI,466,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,11716829,1240000,9.5,0.00,-0.33,116.79,900,46.4,6.4,3.82,0.03,96.15,2,49.82,16.89,0.45,0.17,0.38
Malta ,Malta,MLT,470,WESTERN EUROPE                     ,400214,316,1266.5,62.28,2.07,3.89,17700,92.8,505.0,28.13,3.13,68.74,,10.22,8.1,0.03,0.23,0.74
Marshall Islands ,Marshall Islands,MHL,584,OCEANIA                            ,60422,11854,5.1,3.12,-6.04,29.45,1600,93.7,91.2,16.67,38.89,44.44,2,33.05,4.78,0.317,0.149,0.534
Martinique ,Martinique,MTQ,474,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,436131,1100,396.5,31.82,-0.05,7.09,14400,97.7,394.4,10.38,9.43,80.19,2,13.74,6.48,0.06,0.11,0.83
Mauritania ,Mauritania,MRT,478,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,3177388,1030700,3.1,0.07,0,70.89,1800,41.7,12.9,0.48,0.01,99.51,1,40.99,12.16,0.25,0.29,0.46
Mauritius ,Mauritius,MUS,480,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,1240827,2040,608.3,8.68,-0.9,15.03,11400,85.6,289.3,49.26,2.96,47.78,2,15.43,6.86,0.059,0.298,0.643
Mayotte ,Mayotte,MYT,175,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,201234,374,538.1,49.52,6.78,62.4,2600,,49.7,,,,2,40.95,7.7,,,
Mexico ,Mexico,MEX,484,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,107449525,1972550,54.5,0.47,-4.87,20.91,9000,92.2,181.6,12.99,1.31,85.7,1.5,20.69,4.74,0.038,0.259,0.702
Micronesia (Federated States of),Micronesia (Federated States of),FSM,583,OCEANIA                            ,108004,702,153.9,870.66,-20.99,30.21,2000,89.0,114.8,5.71,45.71,48.58,2,24.68,4.75,0.289,0.152,0.559
Moldova ,Moldova,MDA,498,C.W. OF IND. STATES ,4466706,33843,132.0,0.00,-0.26,40.42,1800,99.1,208.1,55.3,10.79,33.91,,15.7,12.64,0.213,0.233,0.555
Monaco ,Monaco,MCO,492,WESTERN EUROPE                     ,32543,2,16271.5,205.00,7.75,5.43,27000,99.0,1035.6,0,0,100,,9.19,12.91,0.17,,
Mongolia ,Mongolia,MNG,496,ASIA (EX. NEAR EAST)         ,2832224,1564116,1.8,0.00,0,53.79,1800,97.8,55.1,0.77,0,99.23,1,21.59,6.95,0.206,0.214,0.58
Montserrat ,Montserrat,MSR,500,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,9439,102,92.5,39.22,0,7.35,3400,97.0,,20,0,80,2,17.59,7.1,,,
Morocco ,Morocco,MAR,504,NORTHERN AFRICA                    ,33241259,446550,74.4,0.41,-0.98,41.62,4000,51.7,40.4,19.61,2.17,78.22,,21.98,5.58,0.217,0.357,0.426
Mozambique ,Mozambique,MOZ,508,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,19686505,801590,24.6,0.31,0,130.79,1200,47.8,3.5,5.1,0.3,94.6,2,35.18,21.35,0.262,0.348,0.39
Namibia ,Namibia,NAM,516,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,2044147,825418,2.5,0.19,0,48.98,7200,84.0,62.6,0.99,0,99.01,1,24.32,18.86,0.097,0.315,0.588
Nauru ,Nauru,NRU,520,OCEANIA                            ,13287,21,632.7,142.86,0,9.95,5000,,143.0,0,0,100,2,24.76,6.7,,,
Nepal ,Nepal,NPL,524,ASIA (EX. NEAR EAST)         ,28287147,147181,192.2,0.00,0,66.98,1400,45.2,15.9,21.68,0.64,77.68,,30.98,9.31,0.38,0.21,0.41
Netherlands ,Netherlands,NLD,528,WESTERN EUROPE                     ,16491461,41526,397.1,1.09,2.91,5.04,28600,99.0,460.8,26.71,0.97,72.32,3,10.9,8.68,0.021,0.244,0.736
New Caledonia ,New Caledonia,NCL,540,OCEANIA                            ,219246,19060,11.5,11.83,0,7.72,15000,91.0,252.2,0.38,0.33,99.29,2,18.11,5.69,0.15,0.088,0.762
New Zealand ,New Zealand,NZL,554,OCEANIA                            ,4076140,268680,15.2,5.63,4.05,5.85,21600,99.0,441.7,5.6,6.99,87.41,3,13.76,7.53,0.043,0.273,0.684
Nicaragua ,Nicaragua,NIC,558,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,5570129,129494,43.0,0.70,-1.22,29.11,2300,67.5,39.7,15.94,1.94,82.12,2,24.51,4.45,0.165,0.275,0.56
Niger ,Niger,NER,562,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,12525094,1267000,9.9,0.00,-0.67,121.69,800,17.6,1.9,3.54,0.01,96.45,1,50.73,20.91,0.39,0.17,0.44
Nigeria ,Nigeria,NGA,566,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,131859731,923768,142.7,0.09,0.26,98.8,900,68.0,9.3,31.29,2.96,65.75,1.5,40.43,16.94,0.269,0.487,0.244
Northern Mariana Islands ,Northern Mariana Islands,MNP,580,OCEANIA                            ,82459,477,172.9,310.69,9.61,7.11,12500,97.0,254.7,13.04,4.35,82.61,2,19.43,2.29,,,
Norway ,Norway,NOR,578,WESTERN EUROPE                     ,4610820,323802,14.2,7.77,1.74,3.7,37800,100.0,461.7,2.87,0,97.13,3,11.46,9.4,0.021,0.415,0.564
Oman ,Oman,OMN,512,NEAR EAST                          ,3102229,212460,14.6,0.98,0.28,19.51,13100,75.8,85.5,0,0.14,99.74,1,36.24,3.81,0.027,0.39,0.583
Pakistan ,Pakistan,PAK,586,ASIA (EX. NEAR EAST)         ,165803560,803940,206.2,0.13,-2.77,72.44,2100,45.7,31.8,27.87,0.87,71.26,1,29.74,8.23,0.216,0.251,0.533
Palau ,Palau,PLW,585,OCEANIA                            ,20579,458,44.9,331.66,2.85,14.84,9000,92.0,325.6,8.7,4.35,86.95,2,18.03,6.8,0.062,0.12,0.818
Panama ,Panama,PAN,591,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,3191319,78200,40.8,3.18,-0.91,20.47,6300,92.6,137.9,7.36,1.98,90.66,2,21.74,5.36,0.068,0.156,0.776
Papua New Guinea ,Papua New Guinea,PNG,598,OCEANIA                            ,5670544,462840,12.3,1.11,0,51.45,2200,64.6,10.9,0.46,1.44,98.1,2,29.36,7.25,0.353,0.381,0.266
Paraguay ,Paraguay,PRY,600,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,6506464,406750,16.0,0.00,-0.08,25.63,4700,94.0,49.2,7.6,0.23,92.17,2,29.1,4.49,0.224,0.207,0.569
Peru ,Peru,PER,604,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,28302603,1285220,22.0,0.19,-1.05,31.94,5100,90.9,79.5,2.89,0.4,96.71,1.5,20.48,6.23,0.08,0.27,0.65
Philippines ,Philippines,PHL,608,ASIA (EX. NEAR EAST)         ,89468677,300000,298.2,12.10,-1.5,23.51,4600,92.6,38.4,18.95,16.77,64.28,2,24.89,5.41,0.144,0.326,0.53
Poland ,Poland,POL,616,EASTERN EUROPE                     ,38536869,312685,123.3,0.16,-0.49,8.51,11100,99.8,306.3,45.91,1.12,52.97,3,9.85,9.89,0.05,0.311,0.64
Portugal ,Portugal,PRT,620,WESTERN EUROPE                     ,10605870,92391,114.8,1.94,3.57,5.05,18000,93.3,399.2,21.75,7.81,70.44,3,10.72,10.5,0.053,0.274,0.673
Puerto Rico ,Puerto Rico,PRI,630,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,3927188,13790,284.8,3.63,-1.46,8.24,16800,94.1,283.1,3.95,5.52,90.53,2,12.77,7.65,0.01,0.45,0.54
Qatar ,Qatar,QAT,634,NEAR EAST                          ,885359,11437,77.4,4.92,16.29,18.61,21500,82.5,232.0,1.64,0.27,98.09,1,15.56,4.72,0.002,0.801,0.197
Réunion  ,Réunion,REU,638,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,787584,2517,312.9,8.22,0,7.78,5800,88.9,380.9,13.6,1.2,85.2,2,18.9,5.49,0.08,0.19,0.73
Romania ,Romania,ROU,642,EASTERN EUROPE                     ,22303552,237500,93.9,0.09,-0.13,26.43,7000,98.4,196.9,40.82,2.25,56.93,3,10.7,11.77,0.101,0.35,0.549
Russia ,Russia,RUS,643,C.W. OF IND. STATES ,142893540,17075200,8.4,0.22,1.02,15.39,8900,99.6,280.6,7.33,0.11,92.56,,9.95,14.65,0.054,0.371,0.575
Rwanda ,Rwanda,RWA,646,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,8648248,26338,328.4,0.00,0,91.23,1300,70.4,2.7,40.54,12.16,47.3,3,40.37,16.09,0.401,0.229,0.37
Saint Helena ,Saint Helena,SHN,654,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,7502,413,18.2,14.53,0,19,2500,97.0,293.3,12.9,0,87.1,,12.13,6.53,,,
Saint Kitts & Nevis ,Saint Kitts & Nevis,KNA,659,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,39129,261,149.9,51.72,-7.11,14.49,8800,97.0,638.9,19.44,2.78,77.78,2,18.02,8.33,0.035,0.258,0.707
Saint Lucia ,Saint Lucia,LCA,662,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,168458,616,273.5,25.65,-2.67,13.53,5400,67.0,303.3,6.56,22.95,70.49,2,19.68,5.08,0.07,0.2,0.73
Saint Pierre & Miquelon ,Saint Pierre & Miquelon,SPM,666,NORTHERN AMERICA                   ,7026,242,29.0,49.59,-4.86,7.54,6900,99.0,683.2,13.04,0,86.96,,13.52,6.83,,,
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ,Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,VCT,670,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,117848,389,303.0,21.59,-7.64,14.78,2900,96.0,190.9,17.95,17.95,64.1,2,16.18,5.98,0.1,0.26,0.64
Samoa ,Samoa,WSM,882,OCEANIA                            ,176908,2944,60.1,13.69,-11.7,27.71,5600,99.7,75.2,21.2,24.38,54.42,2,16.43,6.62,0.114,0.584,0.302
San Marino ,San Marino,SMR,674,WESTERN EUROPE                     ,29251,61,479.5,0.00,10.98,5.73,34600,96.0,704.3,16.67,0,83.33,,10.02,8.17,,,
Sao Tome & Principe ,Sao Tome & Principe,STP,678,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,193413,1001,193.2,20.88,-2.72,43.11,1200,79.3,36.2,6.25,48.96,44.79,2,40.25,6.47,0.167,0.148,0.684
Saudi Arabia ,Saudi Arabia,SAU,682,NEAR EAST                          ,27019731,1960582,13.8,0.13,-2.71,13.24,11800,78.8,140.6,1.67,0.09,98.24,1,29.34,2.58,0.033,0.613,0.354
Senegal ,Senegal,SEN,686,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,11987121,196190,61.1,0.27,0.2,55.51,1600,40.2,22.2,12.78,0.21,87.01,2,32.78,9.42,0.172,0.209,0.619
Serbia ,Serbia,SRB,688,EASTERN EUROPE                     ,9396411,88361,106.3,0.00,-1.33,12.89,2200,93.0,285.8,33.35,3.2,63.45,,,,0.166,0.255,0.579
Seychelles ,Seychelles,SYC,690,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,81541,455,179.2,107.91,-5.69,15.53,7800,58.0,262.4,2.22,13.33,84.45,2,16.03,6.29,0.032,0.304,0.665
Sierra Leone ,Sierra Leone,SLE,694,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,6005250,71740,83.7,0.56,0,143.64,500,31.4,4.0,6.98,0.89,92.13,2,45.76,23.03,0.49,0.31,0.21
Singapore ,Singapore,SGP,702,ASIA (EX. NEAR EAST)         ,4492150,693,6482.2,27.85,11.53,2.29,23700,92.5,411.4,1.64,0,98.36,2,9.34,4.28,0,0.339,0.661
Slovakia ,Slovakia,SVK,703,EASTERN EUROPE                     ,5439448,48845,111.4,0.00,0.3,7.41,13300,,220.1,30.16,2.62,67.22,3,10.65,9.45,0.035,0.294,0.672
Slovenia ,Slovenia,SVN,705,EASTERN EUROPE                     ,2010347,20273,99.2,0.23,1.12,4.45,19000,99.7,406.1,8.6,1.49,89.91,,8.98,10.31,0.028,0.369,0.603
Solomon Islands ,Solomon Islands,SLB,90,OCEANIA                            ,552438,28450,19.4,18.67,0,21.29,1700,,13.4,0.64,2,97.36,2,30.01,3.92,0.42,0.11,0.47
Somalia ,Somalia,SOM,706,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,8863338,637657,13.9,0.47,5.37,116.7,500,37.8,11.3,1.67,0.04,98.29,1,45.13,16.63,0.65,0.1,0.25
South Africa ,South Africa,ZAF,710,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,44187637,1219912,36.2,0.23,-0.29,61.81,10700,86.4,107.0,12.08,0.79,87.13,1,18.2,22,0.025,0.303,0.671
Spain ,Spain,ESP,724,WESTERN EUROPE                     ,40397842,504782,80.0,0.98,0.99,4.42,22000,97.9,453.5,26.07,9.87,64.06,3,10.06,9.72,0.04,0.295,0.665
Sri Lanka ,Sri Lanka,LKA,144,ASIA (EX. NEAR EAST)         ,20222240,65610,308.2,2.04,-1.31,14.35,3700,92.3,61.5,13.86,15.7,70.44,2,15.51,6.52,0.178,0.276,0.545
Sudan ,Sudan,SDN,729,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,41236378,2505810,16.5,0.03,-0.02,62.5,1900,61.1,16.3,6.83,0.18,92.99,2,34.53,8.97,0.387,0.203,0.41
Suriname ,Suriname,SUR,740,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,439117,163270,2.7,0.24,-8.81,23.57,4000,93.0,184.7,0.37,0.06,99.57,2,18.02,7.27,0.13,0.22,0.65
Swaziland ,Swaziland,SWZ,748,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,1136334,17363,65.5,0.00,0,69.27,4900,81.6,30.8,10.35,0.7,88.95,2.5,27.41,29.74,0.119,0.515,0.366
Sweden ,Sweden,SWE,752,WESTERN EUROPE                     ,9016596,449964,20.0,0.72,1.67,2.77,26800,99.0,715.0,6.54,0.01,93.45,3,10.27,10.31,0.011,0.282,0.707
Switzerland ,Switzerland,CHE,756,WESTERN EUROPE                     ,7523934,41290,182.2,0.00,4.05,4.39,32700,99.0,680.9,10.42,0.61,88.97,3,9.71,8.49,0.015,0.34,0.645
Syria ,Syria,SYR,760,NEAR EAST                          ,18881361,185180,102.0,0.10,0,29.53,3300,76.9,153.8,25.22,4.43,70.35,1,27.76,4.81,0.249,0.23,0.519
Taiwan ,Taiwan,TWN,158,ASIA (EX. NEAR EAST)         ,23036087,35980,640.3,4.35,0,6.4,23400,96.1,591.0,24,1,75,2,12.56,6.48,0.018,0.259,0.723
Tajikistan ,Tajikistan,TJK,762,C.W. OF IND. STATES ,7320815,143100,51.2,0.00,-2.86,110.76,1000,99.4,33.5,6.61,0.92,92.47,2,32.65,8.25,0.234,0.286,0.48
Tanzania ,Tanzania,TZA,834,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,37445392,945087,39.6,0.15,-2.06,98.54,600,78.2,4.0,4.52,1.08,94.4,,37.71,16.39,0.432,0.172,0.396
Thailand ,Thailand,THA,764,ASIA (EX. NEAR EAST)         ,64631595,514000,125.7,0.63,0,20.48,7400,92.6,108.9,29.36,6.46,64.18,2,13.87,7.04,0.099,0.441,0.46
Togo ,Togo,TGO,768,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,5548702,56785,97.7,0.10,0,66.61,1500,60.9,10.6,46.15,2.21,51.64,2,37.01,9.83,0.395,0.204,0.401
Tonga ,Tonga,TON,776,OCEANIA                            ,114689,748,153.3,56.02,0,12.62,2200,98.5,97.7,23.61,43.06,33.33,2,25.37,5.28,0.23,0.27,0.5
Trinidad & Tobago ,Trinidad & Tobago,TTO,780,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,1065842,5128,207.9,7.06,-10.83,24.31,9500,98.6,303.5,14.62,9.16,76.22,2,12.9,10.57,0.007,0.57,0.423
Tunisia ,Tunisia,TUN,788,NORTHERN AFRICA                    ,10175014,163610,62.2,0.70,-0.57,24.77,6900,74.2,123.6,17.86,13.74,68.4,3,15.52,5.13,0.132,0.318,0.55
Turkey ,Turkey,TUR,792,NEAR EAST                          ,70413958,780580,90.2,0.92,0,41.04,6700,86.5,269.5,30.93,3.31,65.76,3,16.62,5.97,0.117,0.298,0.585
Turkmenistan ,Turkmenistan,TKM,795,C.W. OF IND. STATES ,5042920,488100,10.3,0.00,-0.86,73.08,5800,98.0,74.6,3.72,0.14,96.14,1,27.61,8.6,0.209,0.38,0.411
Turks & Caicos Islands ,Turks & Caicos Islands,TCA,796,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,21152,430,49.2,90.47,11.68,15.67,9600,98.0,269.5,2.33,0,97.67,2,21.84,4.21,,,
Tuvalu ,Tuvalu,TUV,798,OCEANIA                            ,11810,26,454.2,92.31,0,20.03,1100,,59.3,0,0,100,2,22.18,7.11,0.166,0.272,0.562
Uganda ,Uganda,UGA,800,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,28195754,236040,119.5,0.00,0,67.83,1400,69.9,3.6,25.88,10.65,63.47,2,47.35,12.24,0.311,0.222,0.469
Ukraine ,Ukraine,UKR,804,C.W. OF IND. STATES ,46710816,603700,77.4,0.46,-0.39,20.34,5400,99.7,259.9,56.21,1.61,42.18,3,8.82,14.39,0.187,0.452,0.361
United Arab Emirates ,United Arab Emirates,ARE,784,NEAR EAST                          ,2602713,82880,31.4,1.59,1.03,14.51,23200,77.9,475.3,0.6,2.25,97.15,1,18.96,4.4,0.04,0.585,0.375
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,GBR,826,WESTERN EUROPE                     ,60609153,244820,247.6,5.08,2.19,5.16,27700,99.0,543.5,23.46,0.21,76.33,3,10.71,10.13,0.005,0.237,0.758
United States of America,United States of America,USA,840,NORTHERN AMERICA                   ,298444215,9631420,31.0,0.21,3.41,6.5,37800,97.0,898.0,19.13,0.22,80.65,3,14.14,8.26,0.01,0.204,0.787
Uruguay ,Uruguay,URY,858,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,3431932,176220,19.5,0.37,-0.32,11.95,12800,98.0,291.4,7.43,0.23,92.34,3,13.91,9.05,0.093,0.311,0.596
Uzbekistan ,Uzbekistan,UZB,860,C.W. OF IND. STATES ,27307134,447400,61.0,0.00,-1.72,71.1,1700,99.3,62.9,10.83,0.83,88.34,1,26.36,7.84,0.342,0.229,0.43
Vanuatu ,Vanuatu,VUT,548,OCEANIA                            ,208869,12200,17.1,20.72,0,55.16,2900,53.0,32.6,2.46,7.38,90.16,2,22.72,7.82,0.26,0.12,0.62
Venezuela ,Venezuela,VEN,862,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,25730435,912050,28.2,0.31,-0.04,22.2,4800,93.4,140.1,2.95,0.92,96.13,2,18.71,4.92,0.04,0.419,0.541
Vietnam ,Vietnam,VNM,704,ASIA (EX. NEAR EAST)         ,84402966,329560,256.1,1.05,-0.45,25.95,2500,90.3,187.7,19.97,5.95,74.08,2,16.86,6.22,0.209,0.41,0.381
Virgin Islands ,Virgin Islands,VIR,850,LATIN AMER. & CARIB    ,108605,1910,56.9,9.84,-8.94,8.03,17200,,652.8,11.76,2.94,85.3,2,13.96,6.43,0.01,0.19,0.8
Wallis and Futuna ,Wallis and Futuna,WLF,876,OCEANIA                            ,16025,274,58.5,47.08,,,3700,50.0,118.6,5,25,70,2,,,,,
Western Sahara ,Western Sahara,ESH,732,NORTHERN AFRICA                    ,273008,266000,1.0,0.42,,,,,,0.02,0,99.98,1,,,,,0.4
Yemen ,Yemen,YEM,887,NEAR EAST                          ,21456188,527970,40.6,0.36,0,61.5,800,50.2,37.2,2.78,0.24,96.98,1,42.89,8.3,0.135,0.472,0.393
Zambia ,Zambia,ZMB,894,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,11502010,752614,15.3,0.00,0,88.29,800,80.6,8.2,7.08,0.03,92.9,2,41,19.93,0.22,0.29,0.489
Zimbabwe ,Zimbabwe,ZWE,716,SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA                 ,12236805,390580,31.3,0.00,0,67.69,1900,90.7,26.8,8.32,0.34,91.34,2,28.01,21.84,0.179,0.243,0.57

import pandas as pd df = pd.read_csv('country_data.csv', encoding='latin1') print(df.head())

.. activecode:: pandas
   :language: python3
   :datafile: country_data.csv

   import pandas as pd

   df = pd.read_csv('country_data.csv', encoding='latin1')

For this example, we move our PartyAnimal class into its own file. Then, we can ‘import’ the PartyAnimal class in a new file and extend it, as follows:

Data file: src/builtin/party.py

class PartyAnimal:

      def __init__(self, nam):
         self.name = nam
         print(self.name,'constructed')

      def party(self, x) :
         self.x = x
         self.x = self.x + 1
         print(self.name,'party count',self.x)

from party import PartyAnimal class CricketFan(PartyAnimal): points = 0 def six(self): self.points = self.points + 6 self.party() print(self.name,"points",self.points) s = PartyAnimal("Sally") s.party() j = CricketFan("Jim") j.party() j.six() print(dir(j))

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